Here goes:
For instance, is my training schedule for a marathon if I am doing to Ascent ?
See below.
Approximately how many weeks before do I start ?
About 40
Are the long runs done totally on the treadmill at incline ?
If you don't have access to a long hill at a 11-13% grade that starts at 6,000ft and goes up about 8,000ft, yes
If I was running the marathon, what would I be training for - a marathon or ultra marathon ?
Ultra.
Unless you won the genetic lottery, find a treadmill, set it to 15%, and start _walking_ for long periods of time. Bring an iPad or Laptop and watch netflix or listen to a book on tape.
If you live at a low elevation, do not let the fact that you can jog along on the treadmill at 15% fool you. You will be walking for most of this race. I can run at 5mph @ 15% for hours when I'm on trips to lower elevations. Where I live at 6,000ft, I would be dead within about 15 minutes at that pace. Above 10,000ft, my "run" is much slower than my walk. Above 12,000ft, I can't run for more than about 50ft.